Apple Inc. vs International Business Machines Corporation
WatchlistAAPL / IBMPrices through Oct 22, 2026
Why these are rivals: #1 and #3 by market value ($5005B vs $223B) in Nasdaq's "Computer Manufacturing" industry; SEC SIC 3571 / 3570 (same major group).
Rivals, but right now the price gap does not have a measured habit of closing, so there is no paper idea, whatever the gap.
- Co-movement: daily return correlation, 252 sessions: 0.16 (needs >= 0.60)
- Mean reversion: ADF t-statistic of the spread: -1.54 (needs <= -2.873 (5% critical value))
Business leadership
AAPL is the larger business
Annual revenue reported to the SEC. Scale, not market share.
| Year | AAPL | IBM | Larger |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $416.2B | $67.5B | AAPL |
| 2024 | $391.0B | $62.8B | AAPL |
| 2023 | $383.3B | $61.9B | AAPL |
| 2022 | $394.3B | $60.5B | AAPL |
| 2021 | $365.8B | $57.4B | AAPL |
| 2020 | $274.5B | $55.2B | AAPL |
AAPL led in every year with figures for both. Market value: AAPL $5.00T, IBM $222.7B.
Stock leadership
AAPL is ahead now
Measured against the pair's own last 252 trading days.
AAPL leads IBM by 1.14 standard deviations: +24.6% over its usual price ratio. 0 lead switches in the last year.
| Price change | 3 mo | 6 mo | 12 mo |
|---|---|---|---|
| AAPL | +4.6% | +27.4% | +32.5% |
| IBM | +17.7% | +9.1% | -10.6% |
Relationship
Not a measured twin today
Only these tests can make a pair tradable on paper.
- Pass
- Aligned sessions: 2521 (needs >= 254)
- Fail
- Co-movement: daily return correlation, 252 sessions: 0.16 (needs >= 0.60)
- Fail
- Mean reversion: ADF t-statistic of the spread: -1.54 (needs <= -2.873 (5% critical value))
- Pass
- Speed: half-life of the spread, sessions: 48.08 (needs <= 63)
- Data
- Both stocks current
The twins over two years
Prices side by side, and the gap between them
AAPL Apple Inc. IBM International Business Machines CorporationPrice index, 100 = 2024-10-18. Tint = which stock is ahead of the pair's usual 1-year relationship (z beyond +/-0.5).
Spread z-score: AAPL relative to IBM, against the 252 sessions before each day. Above 0: AAPL ahead; below 0: IBM ahead. Lines at +/-2 (idea) and +/-4 (stop).
Data table (504 sessions)
| Date | AAPL index | IBM index | z | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-22 | 148.18 | 108.57 | +1.14 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-21 | 146.38 | 108.29 | +1.10 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-20 | 144.47 | 104.19 | +1.25 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-19 | 145.93 | 101.80 | +1.43 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-16 | 146.15 | 99.97 | +1.55 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-15 | 145.53 | 100.83 | +1.50 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-14 | 145.94 | 98.14 | +1.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-13 | 145.22 | 99.39 | +1.59 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-12 | 145.09 | 97.77 | +1.69 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-09 | 143.25 | 97.82 | +1.63 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-08 | 144.86 | 97.59 | +1.72 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-07 | 143.26 | 94.97 | +1.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-06 | 141.97 | 95.30 | +1.78 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-05 | 141.66 | 95.43 | +1.78 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-02 | 142.00 | 95.88 | +1.78 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-10-01 | 140.56 | 97.17 | +1.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-30 | 141.71 | 94.72 | +1.88 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-29 | 140.17 | 94.74 | +1.84 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-28 | 144.00 | 95.03 | +1.99 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-25 | 145.14 | 97.12 | +1.94 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-24 | 142.94 | 97.79 | +1.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-23 | 143.41 | 100.24 | +1.73 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-22 | 144.57 | 99.65 | +1.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-21 | 144.25 | 99.88 | +1.82 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-18 | 143.03 | 98.86 | +1.86 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-17 | 143.40 | 102.39 | +1.69 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-16 | 141.45 | 102.28 | +1.63 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-15 | 141.00 | 106.96 | +1.37 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-14 | 141.74 | 107.27 | +1.39 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-11 | 141.39 | 104.78 | +1.53 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-10 | 138.97 | 100.78 | +1.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-09 | 134.19 | 103.33 | +1.33 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-08 | 134.56 | 99.95 | +1.56 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-04 | 136.16 | 101.16 | +1.57 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-03 | 139.66 | 101.08 | +1.74 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-02 | 138.28 | 99.78 | +1.78 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-09-01 | 138.35 | 99.66 | +1.81 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-31 | 134.83 | 100.72 | +1.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-28 | 136.04 | 101.46 | +1.64 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-27 | 133.86 | 102.84 | +1.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-26 | 133.38 | 99.00 | +1.70 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-25 | 131.87 | 100.86 | +1.53 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-24 | 132.06 | 99.50 | +1.64 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-21 | 131.64 | 101.50 | +1.51 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-20 | 132.47 | 100.64 | +1.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-19 | 134.82 | 102.14 | +1.65 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-18 | 131.93 | 100.20 | +1.65 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-17 | 130.04 | 98.56 | +1.68 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-14 | 130.18 | 100.91 | +1.55 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-13 | 129.90 | 102.13 | +1.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-12 | 128.62 | 101.63 | +1.46 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-11 | 129.75 | 102.68 | +1.46 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-10 | 131.17 | 101.77 | +1.60 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-07 | 133.33 | 102.19 | +1.70 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-06 | 132.94 | 100.53 | +1.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-05 | 132.34 | 101.60 | +1.72 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-04 | 131.65 | 101.27 | +1.72 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-08-03 | 129.11 | 97.46 | +1.86 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-31 | 131.45 | 96.32 | +2.08 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-30 | 141.89 | 95.50 | +2.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-29 | 143.91 | 97.52 | +2.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-28 | 144.71 | 98.00 | +2.72 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-27 | 143.37 | 93.14 | +3.06 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-24 | 141.71 | 92.24 | +3.11 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-23 | 136.88 | 89.00 | +3.18 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-22 | 138.68 | 88.62 | +3.37 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-21 | 139.46 | 90.65 | +3.31 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-20 | 138.97 | 91.73 | +3.26 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-17 | 142.02 | 91.59 | +3.51 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-16 | 141.81 | 94.34 | +3.34 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-15 | 139.36 | 90.96 | +3.56 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-14 | 133.98 | 93.48 | +3.11 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-13 | 135.03 | 124.99 | +0.93 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-10 | 134.18 | 123.84 | +0.96 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-09 | 134.56 | 127.17 | +0.79 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-08 | 133.36 | 130.08 | +0.55 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-07 | 132.20 | 131.84 | +0.39 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-07-06 | 133.05 | 128.99 | +0.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-02 | 131.33 | 124.69 | +0.77 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-07-01 | 125.27 | 123.28 | +0.51 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-30 | 123.13 | 121.11 | +0.52 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-29 | 119.89 | 119.72 | +0.42 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-06-26 | 120.76 | 116.98 | +0.64 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-25 | 117.09 | 111.23 | +0.78 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-24 | 124.71 | 113.25 | +1.10 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-23 | 125.23 | 114.10 | +1.09 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-22 | 126.39 | 108.62 | +1.49 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-18 | 126.81 | 107.28 | +1.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-17 | 125.94 | 112.98 | +1.22 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-16 | 127.34 | 116.63 | +1.08 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-15 | 126.14 | 115.72 | +1.08 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-12 | 123.89 | 117.24 | +0.88 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-11 | 125.80 | 118.37 | +0.92 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-10 | 124.08 | 117.30 | +0.90 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-09 | 123.64 | 119.50 | +0.76 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-08 | 128.31 | 120.94 | +0.93 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-05 | 130.78 | 122.67 | +0.97 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-04 | 132.44 | 129.96 | +0.68 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-03 | 132.03 | 131.62 | +0.58 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-06-02 | 134.13 | 141.79 | +0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-06-01 | 130.34 | 137.99 | +0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-05-29 | 132.79 | 128.25 | +0.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-28 | 132.98 | 113.79 | +1.60 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-27 | 132.28 | 109.91 | +1.81 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-26 | 131.20 | 107.96 | +1.90 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-22 | 131.41 | 109.32 | +1.84 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-21 | 129.78 | 108.94 | +1.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-20 | 128.62 | 96.90 | +2.56 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-19 | 127.22 | 95.75 | +2.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-18 | 126.74 | 95.93 | +2.62 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-15 | 127.76 | 94.44 | +2.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-14 | 126.90 | 94.04 | +2.87 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-13 | 127.18 | 92.44 | +3.08 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-12 | 125.45 | 94.41 | +2.88 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-11 | 124.54 | 96.27 | +2.74 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-08 | 124.82 | 98.95 | +2.59 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-07 | 122.31 | 99.62 | +2.43 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-06 | 122.34 | 97.22 | +2.66 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-05 | 120.93 | 98.63 | +2.50 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-04 | 117.80 | 98.83 | +2.32 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-05-01 | 119.21 | 100.00 | +2.36 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-30 | 115.47 | 99.47 | +2.18 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-29 | 114.97 | 97.80 | +2.31 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-28 | 115.20 | 100.36 | +2.15 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-27 | 113.88 | 98.21 | +2.26 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-24 | 115.34 | 99.91 | +2.26 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-23 | 116.35 | 99.52 | +2.40 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-22 | 116.24 | 108.47 | +1.69 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-21 | 113.26 | 110.11 | +1.36 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-20 | 116.19 | 109.26 | +1.65 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-17 | 114.99 | 109.16 | +1.59 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-16 | 112.09 | 108.10 | +1.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-15 | 113.37 | 105.43 | +1.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-14 | 110.14 | 103.48 | +1.73 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-13 | 110.30 | 102.42 | +1.85 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-10 | 110.84 | 99.38 | +2.18 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-09 | 110.85 | 102.14 | +1.96 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-08 | 110.17 | 104.11 | +1.76 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-07 | 107.87 | 105.54 | +1.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-06 | 110.15 | 106.26 | +1.61 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-02 | 108.90 | 106.87 | +1.46 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-04-01 | 108.78 | 104.71 | +1.65 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-31 | 108.00 | 104.39 | +1.63 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-30 | 104.95 | 102.17 | +1.58 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-27 | 105.87 | 101.78 | +1.71 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-26 | 107.61 | 104.08 | +1.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-25 | 107.50 | 103.96 | +1.68 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-24 | 107.08 | 103.61 | +1.69 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-23 | 107.02 | 106.99 | +1.40 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-20 | 105.53 | 104.12 | +1.54 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-19 | 105.94 | 107.83 | +1.25 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-18 | 106.36 | 108.35 | +1.25 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-17 | 108.18 | 110.30 | +1.26 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-16 | 107.58 | 107.34 | +1.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-13 | 106.43 | 106.06 | +1.50 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-12 | 108.83 | 106.67 | +1.67 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-11 | 110.98 | 107.18 | +1.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-10 | 110.99 | 107.75 | +1.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-09 | 110.59 | 109.10 | +1.65 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-06 | 109.56 | 111.48 | +1.35 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-05 | 110.76 | 110.49 | +1.56 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-04 | 111.71 | 107.69 | +1.91 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-03 | 112.23 | 105.63 | +2.16 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-03-02 | 112.65 | 103.09 | +2.47 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-27 | 112.42 | 103.45 | +2.45 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-26 | 116.15 | 104.22 | +2.75 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-25 | 116.69 | 102.30 | +3.04 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-24 | 115.80 | 98.76 | +3.41 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-23 | 113.27 | 96.19 | +3.55 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-20 | 112.59 | 110.75 | +1.96 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-19 | 110.89 | 110.37 | +1.85 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-18 | 112.49 | 112.31 | +1.82 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-17 | 112.29 | 111.24 | +1.93 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-13 | 108.84 | 113.00 | +1.41 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-12 | 111.37 | 111.77 | +1.80 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-11 | 117.23 | 117.49 | +1.83 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-10 | 116.46 | 125.65 | +1.00 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-09 | 116.86 | 127.62 | +0.86 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-06 | 118.35 | 128.74 | +0.91 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-05 | 117.41 | 124.84 | +1.18 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-04 | 117.66 | 124.48 | +1.24 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-03 | 114.67 | 126.75 | +0.74 | AAPL ahead |
| 2026-02-02 | 114.90 | 135.54 | +0.00 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-30 | 110.42 | 132.08 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-29 | 109.91 | 133.18 | -0.32 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-28 | 109.12 | 126.68 | +0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-27 | 109.90 | 126.55 | +0.23 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-26 | 108.69 | 127.62 | +0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-23 | 105.55 | 125.94 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-22 | 105.68 | 126.90 | -0.25 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-21 | 105.38 | 128.14 | -0.39 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-20 | 104.98 | 125.47 | -0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-16 | 108.74 | 131.64 | -0.36 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-15 | 109.88 | 128.32 | +0.02 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-14 | 110.62 | 133.09 | -0.30 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-13 | 111.09 | 130.56 | -0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-12 | 110.74 | 134.44 | -0.41 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-09 | 110.37 | 131.02 | -0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-08 | 110.23 | 130.37 | -0.16 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-07 | 110.78 | 127.79 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-06 | 111.64 | 130.26 | -0.04 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-05 | 113.73 | 127.03 | +0.37 | near the usual relationship |
| 2026-01-02 | 115.32 | 125.54 | +0.60 | AAPL ahead |
| 2025-12-31 | 115.69 | 127.57 | +0.47 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-30 | 116.20 | 130.08 | +0.31 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-29 | 116.49 | 131.67 | +0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-26 | 116.34 | 131.39 | +0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-24 | 116.51 | 131.16 | +0.22 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-23 | 115.90 | 130.83 | +0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-22 | 115.31 | 130.40 | +0.16 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-19 | 116.46 | 129.62 | +0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-18 | 115.83 | 129.39 | +0.25 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-17 | 115.68 | 130.63 | +0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-16 | 116.86 | 130.57 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-15 | 116.64 | 132.93 | +0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-12 | 118.42 | 133.18 | +0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-11 | 118.31 | 133.82 | +0.11 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-10 | 118.63 | 134.66 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-09 | 117.95 | 133.71 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-08 | 118.25 | 133.15 | +0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-05 | 118.63 | 132.62 | +0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-04 | 119.45 | 132.64 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-03 | 120.91 | 130.33 | +0.48 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-12-02 | 121.78 | 129.97 | +0.56 | AAPL ahead |
| 2025-12-01 | 120.47 | 131.64 | +0.36 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-28 | 118.66 | 132.89 | +0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-26 | 118.11 | 130.58 | +0.25 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-25 | 117.86 | 131.13 | +0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-24 | 117.41 | 130.97 | +0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-21 | 115.53 | 128.10 | +0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-20 | 113.30 | 125.06 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-19 | 114.28 | 124.26 | +0.36 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-18 | 113.80 | 124.87 | +0.28 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-17 | 113.81 | 127.98 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-14 | 115.92 | 131.65 | -0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-13 | 116.15 | 131.29 | +0.02 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-12 | 116.37 | 135.65 | -0.22 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-11 | 117.13 | 135.11 | -0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-10 | 114.65 | 133.13 | -0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-07 | 114.24 | 131.95 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-06 | 114.80 | 134.55 | -0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-05 | 114.95 | 132.11 | -0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-04 | 114.91 | 129.57 | +0.00 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-11-03 | 114.49 | 131.24 | -0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-31 | 115.05 | 132.39 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-30 | 115.49 | 133.53 | -0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-29 | 114.77 | 132.73 | -0.22 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-28 | 114.47 | 134.61 | -0.35 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-27 | 114.39 | 134.84 | -0.37 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-24 | 111.84 | 132.41 | -0.41 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-23 | 110.46 | 122.74 | +0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-22 | 109.98 | 123.82 | -0.04 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-21 | 111.82 | 121.47 | +0.23 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-20 | 111.59 | 122.16 | +0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-17 | 107.36 | 121.14 | -0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-16 | 105.30 | 118.85 | -0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-15 | 106.10 | 120.91 | -0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-14 | 105.43 | 118.93 | -0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-13 | 105.39 | 119.39 | -0.10 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-10 | 104.37 | 119.65 | -0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-09 | 108.10 | 124.13 | -0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-08 | 109.81 | 124.66 | -0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-07 | 109.14 | 126.56 | -0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-06 | 109.23 | 124.64 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-03 | 109.80 | 124.19 | -0.11 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-02 | 109.42 | 123.48 | -0.10 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-10-01 | 108.70 | 123.38 | -0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-30 | 108.35 | 121.52 | -0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-29 | 108.27 | 120.50 | -0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-26 | 108.71 | 122.44 | -0.10 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-25 | 109.31 | 121.21 | +0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-24 | 107.37 | 115.22 | +0.25 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-23 | 108.27 | 117.24 | +0.18 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-22 | 108.97 | 116.87 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-19 | 104.47 | 114.73 | +0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-18 | 101.23 | 114.13 | -0.12 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-17 | 101.70 | 111.58 | +0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-16 | 101.34 | 110.90 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-15 | 100.72 | 110.35 | +0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-12 | 99.60 | 109.15 | +0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-11 | 97.89 | 110.68 | -0.16 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-10 | 96.51 | 110.63 | -0.27 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-09 | 99.72 | 111.59 | -0.10 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-08 | 101.23 | 110.29 | +0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-05 | 102.00 | 107.03 | +0.34 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-04 | 102.03 | 106.45 | +0.38 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-03 | 101.48 | 105.12 | +0.42 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-09-02 | 97.75 | 104.01 | +0.23 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-29 | 98.78 | 104.86 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-28 | 98.96 | 105.83 | +0.18 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-27 | 98.08 | 105.44 | +0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-26 | 97.58 | 104.49 | +0.16 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-25 | 96.66 | 103.11 | +0.18 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-22 | 96.92 | 104.26 | +0.12 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-21 | 95.70 | 103.10 | +0.10 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-20 | 96.17 | 104.46 | +0.04 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-19 | 98.11 | 103.91 | +0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-18 | 98.25 | 103.12 | +0.26 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-15 | 98.55 | 103.24 | +0.26 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-14 | 99.06 | 102.11 | +0.37 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-13 | 99.29 | 103.39 | +0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-12 | 97.72 | 101.11 | +0.33 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-11 | 96.67 | 101.77 | +0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-08 | 97.60 | 104.34 | +0.11 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-07 | 93.63 | 107.73 | -0.38 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-08-06 | 90.74 | 108.65 | -0.64 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-08-05 | 86.35 | 107.95 | -0.93 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-08-04 | 86.53 | 108.52 | -0.95 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-08-01 | 86.12 | 107.69 | -0.94 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-31 | 88.33 | 109.02 | -0.87 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-30 | 88.96 | 112.08 | -1.01 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-29 | 89.90 | 113.01 | -1.00 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-28 | 91.09 | 113.35 | -0.94 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-25 | 91.01 | 111.85 | -0.87 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-24 | 90.96 | 112.19 | -0.90 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-23 | 91.13 | 121.45 | -1.40 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-22 | 91.23 | 121.43 | -1.40 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-21 | 90.42 | 122.61 | -1.53 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-18 | 89.86 | 123.11 | -1.61 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-17 | 89.37 | 121.45 | -1.57 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-16 | 89.43 | 121.41 | -1.57 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-15 | 88.98 | 121.75 | -1.63 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-14 | 88.77 | 122.22 | -1.68 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-11 | 89.86 | 122.13 | -1.61 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-10 | 90.39 | 123.79 | -1.67 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-09 | 89.85 | 124.95 | -1.78 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-08 | 89.37 | 125.07 | -1.84 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-07 | 89.34 | 125.96 | -1.90 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-03 | 90.87 | 125.74 | -1.80 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-02 | 90.40 | 123.88 | -1.76 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-07-01 | 88.43 | 125.41 | -1.99 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-30 | 87.31 | 126.95 | -2.18 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-27 | 85.57 | 124.76 | -2.22 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-26 | 85.53 | 125.72 | -2.31 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-25 | 85.77 | 125.35 | -2.30 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-24 | 85.23 | 126.52 | -2.44 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-23 | 85.74 | 124.54 | -2.32 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-20 | 85.53 | 121.00 | -2.17 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-18 | 83.65 | 121.97 | -2.40 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-17 | 83.25 | 121.90 | -2.46 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-16 | 84.43 | 121.37 | -2.37 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-13 | 83.60 | 119.39 | -2.36 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-12 | 84.77 | 121.03 | -2.39 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-11 | 84.59 | 121.24 | -2.46 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-10 | 86.24 | 118.97 | -2.22 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-09 | 85.72 | 117.17 | -2.18 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-06 | 86.77 | 115.79 | -2.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-05 | 85.37 | 114.93 | -2.13 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-04 | 86.31 | 114.35 | -2.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-03 | 86.50 | 114.21 | -2.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-06-02 | 85.83 | 113.65 | -2.09 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-30 | 85.47 | 111.57 | -2.01 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-29 | 85.09 | 111.41 | -2.06 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-28 | 85.29 | 112.08 | -2.11 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-27 | 85.20 | 113.36 | -2.23 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-23 | 83.09 | 111.38 | -2.32 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-22 | 85.69 | 111.27 | -2.11 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-21 | 86.00 | 112.35 | -2.19 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-20 | 88.03 | 114.97 | -2.22 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-19 | 88.84 | 115.59 | -2.22 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-16 | 89.90 | 114.88 | -2.10 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-15 | 89.98 | 114.85 | -2.12 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-14 | 90.35 | 111.03 | -1.84 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-13 | 90.61 | 111.37 | -1.86 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-12 | 89.70 | 109.25 | -1.81 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-09 | 84.48 | 107.32 | -2.18 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-08 | 84.04 | 109.45 | -2.42 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-07 | 83.51 | 109.12 | -2.49 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-06 | 84.47 | 107.29 | -2.28 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-05 | 84.63 | 107.31 | -2.30 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-02 | 87.38 | 105.75 | -1.92 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-05-01 | 90.77 | 103.21 | -1.40 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-30 | 90.43 | 104.14 | -1.52 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-29 | 89.88 | 103.10 | -1.49 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-28 | 89.42 | 101.71 | -1.42 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-25 | 89.06 | 100.09 | -1.32 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-24 | 88.67 | 98.76 | -1.24 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-23 | 87.06 | 105.72 | -2.01 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-22 | 85.00 | 103.75 | -2.07 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-21 | 82.20 | 101.73 | -2.21 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-17 | 83.82 | 102.85 | -2.16 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-16 | 82.67 | 102.74 | -2.30 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-15 | 86.02 | 103.66 | -2.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-14 | 86.18 | 102.95 | -1.97 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-11 | 84.32 | 101.41 | -2.05 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-10 | 81.03 | 98.86 | -2.19 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-09 | 84.62 | 101.34 | -2.03 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-08 | 73.37 | 95.19 | -2.81 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-07 | 77.22 | 97.24 | -2.55 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-04 | 80.16 | 97.97 | -2.28 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-03 | 86.46 | 104.86 | -2.22 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-02 | 95.27 | 107.66 | -1.55 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-04-01 | 94.97 | 107.81 | -1.59 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-31 | 94.52 | 107.09 | -1.58 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-28 | 92.72 | 105.08 | -1.58 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-27 | 95.26 | 106.03 | -1.41 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-26 | 94.27 | 107.81 | -1.67 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-25 | 95.21 | 107.62 | -1.56 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-24 | 93.93 | 107.00 | -1.64 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-21 | 92.88 | 105.03 | -1.57 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-20 | 91.11 | 104.79 | -1.74 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-19 | 91.59 | 108.65 | -2.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-18 | 90.51 | 106.35 | -1.96 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-17 | 91.06 | 108.94 | -2.14 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-14 | 90.85 | 106.96 | -1.98 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-13 | 89.23 | 105.86 | -2.07 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-12 | 92.33 | 107.51 | -1.89 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-11 | 93.97 | 107.21 | -1.68 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-10 | 96.80 | 110.64 | -1.70 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-07 | 101.73 | 112.64 | -1.38 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-06 | 100.14 | 107.10 | -1.04 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-05 | 100.31 | 108.25 | -1.13 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-04 | 100.40 | 109.05 | -1.20 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-03-03 | 101.29 | 107.75 | -1.00 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-28 | 102.91 | 108.72 | -0.93 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-27 | 100.98 | 109.06 | -1.15 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-26 | 102.28 | 110.18 | -1.13 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-25 | 105.12 | 111.00 | -0.94 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-24 | 105.15 | 112.78 | -1.10 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-21 | 104.49 | 112.61 | -1.15 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-20 | 104.61 | 114.01 | -1.26 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-19 | 104.20 | 113.83 | -1.29 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-18 | 104.03 | 113.29 | -1.27 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-14 | 104.09 | 112.52 | -1.20 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-13 | 102.78 | 111.62 | -1.25 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-12 | 100.80 | 110.17 | -1.32 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-11 | 98.99 | 109.69 | -1.47 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-10 | 96.87 | 107.35 | -1.48 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-07 | 96.86 | 108.67 | -1.62 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-06 | 99.24 | 109.15 | -1.43 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-05 | 98.92 | 113.39 | -1.86 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-04 | 99.06 | 113.89 | -1.91 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-02-03 | 97.03 | 112.29 | -2.00 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-31 | 100.43 | 110.12 | -1.45 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-30 | 101.10 | 111.23 | -1.49 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-29 | 101.86 | 98.46 | -0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-28 | 101.39 | 97.18 | -0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-27 | 97.81 | 96.52 | -0.36 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-24 | 94.80 | 96.81 | -0.72 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-23 | 95.17 | 97.35 | -0.75 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-22 | 95.25 | 96.15 | -0.61 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-21 | 94.74 | 96.58 | -0.72 | IBM ahead |
| 2025-01-17 | 97.86 | 96.81 | -0.41 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-16 | 97.13 | 95.89 | -0.39 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-15 | 101.22 | 94.76 | +0.16 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-14 | 99.27 | 93.78 | +0.06 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-13 | 99.74 | 93.63 | +0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-10 | 100.79 | 94.64 | +0.12 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-08 | 103.28 | 96.12 | +0.21 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-07 | 103.07 | 96.45 | +0.15 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-06 | 104.26 | 95.90 | +0.33 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-03 | 103.56 | 95.89 | +0.25 | near the usual relationship |
| 2025-01-02 | 103.77 | 94.72 | +0.40 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-31 | 106.56 | 94.67 | +0.68 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-30 | 107.32 | 94.85 | +0.73 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-27 | 108.76 | 95.94 | +0.75 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-26 | 110.22 | 96.85 | +0.79 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-24 | 109.87 | 96.65 | +0.77 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-23 | 108.63 | 95.58 | +0.77 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-20 | 108.29 | 96.19 | +0.66 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-19 | 106.29 | 96.43 | +0.44 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-18 | 105.55 | 94.82 | +0.54 | AAPL ahead |
| 2024-12-17 | 107.86 | 98.61 | +0.36 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-16 | 106.83 | 98.76 | +0.24 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-13 | 105.59 | 99.41 | +0.05 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-12 | 105.51 | 100.03 | -0.02 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-11 | 104.89 | 99.10 | +0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-10 | 105.43 | 99.79 | -0.02 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-09 | 105.00 | 99.05 | +0.01 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-06 | 103.34 | 102.52 | -0.50 | IBM ahead |
| 2024-12-05 | 103.42 | 101.10 | -0.35 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-04 | 103.41 | 100.56 | -0.31 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-03 | 103.26 | 98.62 | -0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-12-02 | 101.95 | 97.93 | -0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-29 | 100.99 | 97.94 | -0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-27 | 99.97 | 97.73 | -0.38 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-26 | 100.03 | 98.55 | -0.46 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-25 | 99.09 | 97.39 | -0.44 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-22 | 97.82 | 96.02 | -0.43 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-21 | 97.24 | 95.78 | -0.47 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-20 | 97.45 | 92.42 | -0.11 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-19 | 97.14 | 90.55 | +0.05 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-18 | 97.03 | 89.62 | +0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-15 | 95.74 | 88.28 | +0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-14 | 97.11 | 90.00 | +0.09 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-13 | 95.80 | 90.84 | -0.13 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-12 | 95.42 | 90.81 | -0.17 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-11 | 95.42 | 91.98 | -0.30 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-08 | 96.58 | 92.04 | -0.20 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-07 | 96.80 | 92.03 | -0.18 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-06 | 94.77 | 91.99 | -0.38 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-05 | 95.09 | 89.39 | -0.08 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-04 | 94.47 | 88.85 | -0.09 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-11-01 | 94.86 | 89.69 | -0.14 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-31 | 96.13 | 89.03 | +0.05 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-30 | 97.91 | 88.24 | +0.30 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-29 | 99.43 | 90.62 | +0.19 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-28 | 99.32 | 91.69 | +0.07 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-25 | 98.47 | 92.45 | -0.09 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-24 | 98.11 | 94.05 | -0.29 | near the usual relationship |
| 2024-10-23 | 98.20 | 100.24 | -0.88 | IBM ahead |
| 2024-10-22 | 100.37 | 100.02 | -0.66 | IBM ahead |
| 2024-10-21 | 100.63 | 99.81 | -0.62 | IBM ahead |
| 2024-10-18 | 100.00 | 100.00 | -0.71 | IBM ahead |
One-day company-specific moves (4+ standard deviations, which block ideas for 10 sessions): Jan 30, 2025 (AAPL -0.7%, IBM +13.0%); Feb 23, 2026 (AAPL +0.6%, IBM -13.2%); May 21, 2026 (AAPL +0.9%, IBM +12.4%); May 29, 2026 (AAPL -0.1%, IBM +12.7%); Jul 14, 2026 (AAPL -0.8%, IBM -25.2%). Upcoming earnings: AAPL Nov 2, 2026 (after-hours).
Paired trades
The shared paper book and the replay, kept apart
Forward paper record
No paper position on this pair yet.
Historical simulation (a diagnostic, same rules)
No simulated trade through Oct 20, 2026: the pair rarely passed every test while 2 standard deviations apart.
Per $10,000 a leg. A replay on today's companies cannot prove an edge.
The companies
AAPL and IBM at a glance
AAPL Apple Inc.
- Listing
- Nasdaq · SEC CIK 320193
- Industry
- Computer Manufacturing · SIC 3571 Electronic Computers
- Market value
- $5.00T
- Price history
- 2,521 daily closes, Oct 12, 2016 to Oct 22, 2026
IBM International Business Machines Corporation
- Listing
- NYSE · SEC CIK 51143
- Industry
- Computer Manufacturing · SIC 3570 Computer & office Equipment
- Market value
- $222.7B
- Price history
- 2,521 daily closes, Oct 12, 2016 to Oct 22, 2026
Daily prices: Nasdaq.com. Filings and industry codes: SEC EDGAR. Earnings dates: Nasdaq earnings calendar.
Related
All pairs →Other rivals of AAPL and IBM
| Pair | Status | Ahead now | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM / HPQ | Watchlist | HPQ by 1.57 sd | SIC 3570 Computer & office Equipment |
| IBM / HPE | Watchlist | HPE by 1.11 sd | SIC 3570 Computer & office Equipment |
| DELL / IBM | Watchlist | DELL by 1.01 sd | Computer Manufacturing |
| AAPL / DELL | Watchlist | DELL by 0.91 sd | Computer Manufacturing |
| AAPL / SMCI | Watchlist | AAPL by 0.91 sd | SIC 3571 Electronic Computers |
Follow the research behind the paper book
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Explore the private betaPaper only: hypothetical paired positions with modelled costs. No broker, no orders, no real money. A historical simulation is a diagnostic, not proof of an edge. Not investment advice.
